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July
25, 2003, 8:45 a.m.
Learning the Hard Way
What we didnt
know and when we didnt know it.
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ven a cursory glance at the 900-page congressional 9/11 report released
Thursday should lead to some conclusions and, hopefully, to some
consensus. For example:
The inquiry found no "smoking gun," no intelligence that
had it been better understood or more creatively interpreted would
have provided advance warning of the attack. But the report also makes clear
that part of the problem was that our gumshoes and spooks weren't looking
for guns smoking or otherwise in the places they were most
likely to be hidden.
The 19 hijackers
had many contacts and interactions in radicalized mosques here and abroad.
Prior to 9/11 (as former CIA agent Robert Baer also reported in his book,
See No
Evil) the rules prohibited agents from gathering intelligence
in such houses of worship. That policy was sensitive and politically correct
and it may have cost many innocent lives.
The inquiry found that no one "connected the dots" but
that's because no one had all the dots to look at. In other words, the
attacks went undetected largely because of poor communications between
the FBI, the CIA, and other agencies. This wasn't a matter of people failing
to do their jobs it was a matter of people being discouraged from
doing their jobs. Pre-9/11, under prevailing laws, rules ,and policies,
relevant information could not be shared freely among intelligence and
law-enforcement agencies. What has solved this problem? The Patriot Act.
It's time for the
ACLU and others on the left, along with their libertarian allies on the
right, to stop their shrill and automatic criticism of the Patriot Act
and of Attorney General John Ashcroft. They need to at least recognize
the significance of what both are trying to achieve.
Yes, we must always
be vigilant in preserving our freedoms. But that can't be accomplished
unless we also protect our security. A few years from now, if the war
on terrorism is going well, we can take a second look at what weapons
we still need and what weapons we can discard. But right now the Patriot
Act is necessary as Ashcroft has maintained, and as many prominent
Democrats John Kerry, John Edwards, Bob Graham, Tom Daschle, and
Joe Biden among them have attested.
The inquiry found that most of our friends overseas failed to recognize
the jihadist terrorist threat or perhaps thought it had nothing
to do with them. They certainly didn't provide much cooperation to counter
it. President Clinton's national-security adviser, Sandy Berger, told
the congressional panel that only the United Kingdom shared the U.S. assessment
of al Qaeda. Before September 11, it was not illegal to be a member of
foreign terrorist organizations in Germany or even to raise funds for
terrorists groups there. (German policy pre-9/11 looks a lot like what
the ACLU wants U.S. policy to be now. If that's not accurate, the ACLU
should explain the difference.)
The report found that the FBI and the CIA failed to take significant actions
against terrorism. This, despite the fact that as early as 1983, several
hundred Americans were killed by Hezbollah's suicide terrorist bombers
in Beirut. This, despite the first World Trade Center attack, the bombings
of our embassies in Tanzania and Kenya, the attack on Khobar Towers, and
the bombing of the U.S.S. Cole. This, despite the fact that throughout
the 1990s, tens of thousands of terrorists were being trained in Afghanistan,
Lebanon, Iraq, and other places.
But it wasn't just
these agencies that misunderstood the seriousness of the threat posed
by jihadist terrorism. It was top leaders in Congress and in several administrations.
More astonishing, perhaps, is how many people continue to resist looking
reality in the face even today.
Sections of the report dealing with Saudi Arabia were largely deleted.
Some Democrats and a few Republicans as well are arguing
that those redactions are not necessary to protect sources and methods.
They may be right but those of us without top-secret clearance probably
haven't enough information to make the call.
What we can say is
that there is no doubt that prominent Saudis have been involved in both
funding and encouraging terrorism. What we can say is the Saudi regime
has not yet been open and forthcoming about the extent of Saudi involvement.
At some point, hopefully sooner rather than later, we'll find out what
was blacked out. At some point, hopefully sooner rather than later, members
of the Saudi royal family will make the choice they have spent years avoiding:
Do they want to be America's ally in the Islamic world? Or do they want
to continue spreading Wahhabi hatred and incitement against Christians,
Jews, moderate Muslims, and Hindus? They can't be the former while doing
the latter for much longer.
Finally, the point
of this report and others that will follow should not be to place blame.
These inquiries should not be used as grist for the usual political mills.
We need to learn from our mistakes as well as from our successes.
As rapidly as possible, we need to find the most effective ways to defend
ourselves from an enemy who is as dangerous and as insidious as any the
Free World has faced.
Clifford D. May, a former New York
Times foreign correspondent, is president of the Foundation
for the Defense of Democracies, a policy institute focusing on terrorism.
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